Bharat Entrepreneurs

Chief Executive Officer(CEO)

• Has general supervision over the company
• Presides at all corporate meetings
• Is often also the chairman of the board
• Has the power to sign all corporate documents, share certificates, and other instruments except , where by law, president must sign
• Is often made an ex officio member of all standing committees

President

• May also be the CEO
• May substitute for the chairman of the board in his or her absence.
• Power is limited to matters that arise within the ordinary course of business and are in the best interests of the company, including, but not limited to : calling special meetings of shareholders; fixing compensation paid to officers;appointing and removing officers; setting out the duties of subordinate officers
• Has implicit powers with respect to carrying out aothorised acts on behalf of the company
• Has authority to perform any act that the directors authorize and ratify, unless powers are restricted in the company’s charter, articles, or bylaws
• Unauthorized legal acts may be ratified subsequently by the directors

Vice President

• Acts as assistant to the president
• Is often assigned an important role in corporate administration
• Assumes president’s power and duties and acts in his or her place in the event of president’s absence, death, or incapacity
• Has no other powers by virtue of the office; without express or implied authority, cannot manage or bind the company
• Designated by seniority in situations where a company has multiple vice presidents

Corporate Secretary

• Keeps corporate books and has charge of corporate seal
• Has additional powers, which may include: preparing shareholder lists for annual meetings; maintaining and recording entries in stock ledger; signing corporate documents and instruments.
• Authority determined primarily by character of corporate business and relative powers of other officers
• Powers may overlap with those of treasurer, controller, or auditor

Treasurer

• Usual powers include:car, custody and maintenance of corporate funds and securities; maintenance of books of accounts and records ; preparation of financial statements; disbursement of corporate funds
• Has powers delegated to it by directors, committees, or by direction of president/CEO
• Is often appointed to finance committee and as adviser to other officers in financial matters

General Manager

• Has authority to perform acts necessary in usual and ordinary course of company’s business
• Specific functions vary with size and nature of business, and as delegated by directors, committees, or president/CEO
• Authority may be limited to general management over specific portions of the business, such as manufacturing or sales

Controller

• Is chief accounting officer with powers including , but not limited to : maintenance and audit of company’s financial records ; preparation of financial statements; supervision of company accounting practices
• Works with audit committee, outside auditors, creditors, and corporate counsel

Assistant Officers

• Perform specific duties assigned by directrs and other senior officers
• May substitute for senior officers during absences

Popularity: 20%

                                                                               The history of Indian Trade and Commerce goes back to 3000 B.C. Indian merchants used to navigate many sea routes and the start of Caravan was an important event for the merchant community. Merchants when traveling with a caravan appointed one of themselves as leader and a partnership was entered by two or more merchants and they made an agreement too distribute profits and losses. It is India that which gave birth to Management identity. In the ancient world, India stood foremost in industry and business. In 1001, 33% of the world trade was India’s share. I was surprised to see this figure when I read this in a book. That is why now India kept itself in a strong position as far as Entrepreneurship sector is considered.

Now let us move our discussion to basic roots of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur skills in ancient India which were explained in Artha-Shastra an extra ordinarily detailed manual on state craft by one of classical India’s greatest minds KAUTILYA or CHANAKYA. Artha, literally wealth is one of the four supreme aims prescribed by Hindu Tradition. When I was reading a book about Artha Shastra I felt that there was nothing more that we can suggest now to an Entrepreneur to develop these and those skills. In long ago only it has been stated about Management techniques with 8 fold path like Yama, Niyama, Asana, Dhana, etc., where Yama implies to Resource Mobilization, Asana implies to building up the infrastructure etc, Artha Shastra is the ‘Science of Economics’, including starting productive enterprises, taxation, revenue collection, budget, and accounts. In ancient India Patali putra was a big commercial town, which was also a center for export. Similarly Taxila, Varanasi, Kanchi, Madurai, Kava, Patna etc, were very famous for their business importance.        

    After reading many books about ancient Indian trade and management one thing is for sure that there is no single, best type of Entrepreneur. Like a liquid, Entrepreneurship tends to take the shape of its container.

Popularity: 8%